Foreign body aspiration through the eyes of a pediatric pulmonologist: Is it possible to reduce the rate of negative rigid bronchoscopies?

Background: Identifying a foreign body aspiration (FBA) still remains a diagnostic difficulty. Moreover, the indications for bronchoscopy in subjects of suspected foreign bodies are not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pediatric pulmonologists in diagnosing FBA.

Case Report: Severe McCune-Albright syndrome presenting with neonatal Cushing syndrome: navigating through clinical obstacles.

Background: Café-au-lait skin macules, Cushing syndrome (CS), hyperthyroidism, and liver and cardiac dysfunction are presenting features of neonatal McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS), CS being the rarest endocrine feature. Although spontaneous resolution of hypercortisolism has been reported, outcome is usually unfavorable. While a unified approach to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up is lacking, herein successful treatment and long-term follow-up of a rare case is presented.

Reconstruction of congenital rectovestibular fistula in an adult. Case report.

Anorectal malformations are common congenital anomalies but diagnosis and treatment in adulthood are quite rare. Treatment during adulthood may be challenging due to anatomic and physiologic changes. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty may provide good cosmetic and functional results even in adult patients.

Favourable outcomes of conservatively managed acute abdomen associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Backgrounds: Abdominal pain is one of the most common symptoms of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Abdominal pain can vary from mild to severe and may present as acute abdomen. Severe abdominal pain in patients with MIS-C should be differentiated from surgical causes of acute abdomen to prevent unnecessary surgery.

Lung ultrasound findings in children with foreign body aspiration.

Objectives: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) has a wide clinical spectrum, patients may be asymptomatic or present with cardiopulmonary arrest. Radiological imaging methods are used in addition to history and physical examination findings for certain diagnosis. Lung ultrasonography (LUS), whose usage area is increasing year by year, can be included in these.

Early postoperative complications in pediatric abdominal solid tumor surgery according to Clavian-Dindo classification.

Purpose: Postoperative period after abdominal solid tumor surgery is critical regarding complications. This study aimed to detect incidence and treatment of complications.

Methods: Single center retrospective study including years 2010-2019 for early postoperative complications were documented and graded according to Clavian-Dindo classification.

An unusual complication of tumor surgery: chylous leakage.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative treatment for chylous leak after tumor surgery and to propose a management algorithm.

Methods: The data of patients with postoperative chylous leak after tumor surgery in our institution between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. In this study, 469 laparotomies, 89 thoracotomies, and 57 cervical excisions were performed for tumor surgery in our institution.

The effect of hypothermia in a rat testicular torsion/detorsion model.

Background: Testicular torsion is an emergent condition. The protective effect of medical hypothermia in ischemia/reperfusion injury is well defined.

Objectives: To evaluate the late results of hypothermia through a rat testicular torsion/detorsion model compatible with human testicular torsion.

Approach to pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in children and adolescents: A retrospective clinical study from a tertiary care center.

Aim: Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare tumors in childhood. They are catecholamine secreting tumors and present with signs or symptoms related to their excess. Most common signs and symptoms are hypertension, headache and diaphoresis.

Adrenocortical tumours in children: a review of surgical management at a tertiary care centre.

Background: Adrenocortical tumours (ACT) are rare tumours of childhood usually presenting with endocrine dysfunction. This retrospective study is designed to review our institutional experience in surgical management.

Methods: Records of children treated for ACT between 1999 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively.

Can preoperative findings help to interpret neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of ovary and affect surgical decisions in children and adolescents?

Background: Ovarian masses are common in all pediatric age groups. Ovarian-sparing surgery is favored since most cases are benign or functional cysts. Detection of a few malignant cases prevents morbidity and mortality.

Common pediatric surgical diseases of refugee children: health around warzone.

Purpose: We aim to evaluate the sociodemographic and medical features of child-aged refugee patients and identify their health-related problems.

Methods: Refugee children admitted to pediatric surgery department of a teaching hospital during the years 2012-2017 were included. Patients' files were reviewed retrospectively for sociodemographic and medical features.

Clinical Presentation, Prognostic Factors, and Outcome in Neutropenic Enteropathy of Childhood Leukemia.

Leukemia patients are at risk for neutropenic enteropathy (NEP) because of the effects of intensified chemotherapy. Medical records of 18 patients having 20 episodes of NEP were reviewed retrospectively. Primary diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 12 and myeloblastic leukemia in 6 cases.

Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty in vestibular fistula: with or without colostomy.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the results and complications of one- and three-stage repairs in females with vestibular fistula (VF) and make contribution to the discussion of whether the disadvantages outweigh the protective effect of a colostomy from wound infection and wound dehiscence following posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP).

Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of VF who underwent PSARP between October 2009 and November 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1-patients treated by one-stage procedure (n = 30); Group 2-patients treated by three-stage procedure (n = 16).

Congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula: 3 new cases and review of literature.

Objective: Congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula, is a rare anomaly characterised by fistulisation of penile urethra to skin and presence of a concomitant normal or hypospadiac external urethral meatus. It may be seen as an isolated anomaly or may accompany genitourinary or anorectal malformations. We aim to present 3 new cases and define the common properties of patients stated in literature.

The comparison of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid and polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymers in endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux.

Background: Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (Dx/Ha;Dexell®) and polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymer (PPC;Vantris®) are the popular tissue-augmenting substances using for the endoscopic injections of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare Dx/Ha and PPC in terms of effectiveness, injection techniques and complications with special emphasis on vesicoureteral junction obstruction (VUJO).

Methods: A total of 95 patients who underwent endoscopic VUR treatment between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.

Castleman disease: an unusual diagnosis of a portal mass in an 8-year-old boy.

An 8-year-old boy presented with a mass located in the portal hilum and hepatosplenomegaly, and the presumed initial diagnosis was lymphoma. The pathology result was Castleman disease of hyaline vascular type. Castleman disease is an unusual diagnosis that should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of portal masses.