COVID-19 Disease in Presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Multicenter Study of 8886 Cases.

Background: The aim was to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data of children with SARS-CoV-2 positivity by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) together with treatment strategies and clinical outcomes and to evaluate cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in this population.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective observational cohort study performed in the pediatric emergency departments of 19 tertiary hospitals. From March 11, 2020, to May 31, 2021, children who were diagnosed with confirmed nasopharyngeal/tracheal specimen SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity or positivity for serum-specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were included.

IL28B, IL29 and micro-RNA 548 in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis as a rare disease.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which affects children and young adults, caused by a persistent infection of defective measles virus. IFN-λs (IL-28A, IL-28B and IL-29) are a group of cytokines mediating antiviral responses. It has been shown that IL-29 levels are significantly higher in infected cells with defective measles virus.

The association between serum vitamin B deficiency and tension-type headache in Turkish children.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum vitamin B level and tension-type headache. The study groups consisted of 75 patients (40 females, 35 males) with headache and a control group of 49 healthy children (25 females, 24 males). Serum vitamin B level < 200 pg/ml was defined as deficient, and < 160 pg/ml as severely deficient.

Severe theophylline poisoning treated with continuous venovenous hemodialysis in a child.

Theophylline poisoning generally occurs due to acute high dose intake as well as chronic intake of the medication. Toxicity symptoms can be seen with a plasma concentration of theophylline over 20 μg/ml. The consequences of theophylline toxicity include metabolic disturbances (hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and metabolic acidosis), nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, and death.

Partial trisomy 4q and partial monosomy 9p in a girl with choanal atresia and various dysmorphic findings.

We report a new-born girl with partial trisomy of 4q28-qter and partial monosomy of 9p24-9ter. Our patient has choanal atresia, hypertelorism, wide nasal bridge, high arched palate, discrete nipples, heart defects, myoclonic seizures and various dysmorphic findings. Standard chromosomal analysis with G-banding with Trypsin-Giemsa revealed 46,XX,der(9)t(4;9)(q28;p24) resulting from the mother's t(4,9) (q28;p24) karyotype.

May TLR4 Asp299Gly and IL17 His161Arg polymorphism be associated with progression of primary measles infection to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?

SSPE is a progressive neurological disorder of children. Only some of the children who are infected with measles virus develop SSPE, which supports individual variation. TLR-2 and TLR-4 play an important role in innate immunity by recognizing envelope proteins of MV.

Association of interleukin 18, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive inflammatory and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The measles virus (MV) and host and environmental factors are involved in the development of SSPE, but the precise mechanism by which the MV causes SSPE is still unknown. Studies have indicated that in SSPE patients, specific polymorphisms of certain genes are most likely involved in impairing the host's ability to eradicate the MV.

PD-1 gene polymorphism in children with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive inflammatory and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Several factors influence the risk of chronic brain infection with the mutant measles virus. However, to date, no pathogenic mechanism that may predispose to SSPE has been determined.

Effect of maternal smoking on colostrum and breast milk cytokines.

Background: Breast milk contains several immune modulator components. The transfer of numerous cytokines via mother's milk may add to an active stimulation of the infant's immune system. There are many factors in breast milk that could either facilitate or inhibit cytokine activities.

Mollaret meningitis: a case report.

Mollaret meningitis is characterized by three or more episodes of benign recurrent aseptic meningitis in which symptoms and signs resolve spontaneously within two to five days. Severe headache with an acute onset, fever and meningismus are the main clinical features. We report a case of Mollaret meningitis in a seven-year-old girl who presented with four aseptic meningitis episodes in one year.

[Current treatment of acute bronchiolitis].

The most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants younger than two years is acute viral bronchiolitis that is leading cause of hospitalisation under six months of age. Little worldwide consensus exists about the best management strategies for this common disease are caring airway, maintenance of adequate hydration and oxygenation. Managements and the results in the use of bronchodilators, epinephrine and corticosteroids for bronchiolitis are conflicting.