Functional characterization of the CRY2 circadian clock component variant p.Ser420Phe revealed a new degradation pathway for CRY2.

Cryptochromes (CRYs) are essential components of the circadian clock, playing a pivotal role as transcriptional repressors. Despite their significance, the precise mechanisms underlying CRYs' involvement in the circadian clock remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identified a rare CRY2 variant, p.

TW68, cryptochromes stabilizer, regulates fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic ob/ob and high fat-diet-induced obese mice.

Cryptochromes (CRYs), transcriptional repressors of the circadian clock in mammals, inhibit cAMP production when glucagon activates G-protein coupled receptors. Therefore, molecules that modulate CRYs have the potential to regulate gluconeogenesis. In this study, we discovered a new molecule called TW68 that interacts with the primary pockets of mammalian CRY1/2, leading to reduced ubiquitination levels and increased stability.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in circadian genes: Impact on gene function and phenotype.

Circadian rhythm is an endogenous timing system that allows an organism to anticipate and adapt to daily changes and regulate various physiological variables such as the sleep-wake cycle. This rhythm is governed by a molecular circadian clock mechanism, generated by a transcriptional and translational feedback loop (TTFL) mechanism. In mammals, TTFL is determined by the interaction of four main clock proteins: BMAL1, CLOCK, Cryptochromes (CRY), and Periods (PER).

The secondary pocket of cryptochrome 2 is important for the regulation of its stability and localization.

Human clock-gene variations contribute to the phenotypic differences observed in various behavioral and physiological processes, such as diurnal preference, sleep, metabolism, mood regulation, addiction, and fertility. However, little is known about the possible effects of identified variations at the molecular level. In this study, we performed a functional characterization at the cellular level of rare cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) missense variations that were identified from the Ensembl database.

Protein interaction networks of the mammalian core clock proteins.

Circadian rhythm is a 24-h cycle that regulates the biochemical and behavioral changes of organisms. It controls a wide range of functions, from gene expression to behavior, allowing organisms to anticipate daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian rhythm is generated by a complex transcriptional and translational feedback loop mechanism.

Clinical and Molecular Findings in a Turkish Family Who Had a (c.869- 1G>A) Splicing Variant in PSEN1 Gene with A Rare Condition: The Variant Alzheimer's Disease with Spastic Paraparesis.

Background: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is commonly diagnosed with an onset age of earlier than 65 years and accounts for 5-10% of all Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases. To date, although only 10-15% of familial EOAD cases have been explained, the genetic cause of the vast proportion of cases has not been explained. The variant Alzheimer's disease with spastic paraparesis (var- AD) is defined as a rare clinical entity characterized by early-onset dementia, spasticity of the lower extremities, and gait disturbance.

The Arg-293 of Cryptochrome1 is responsible for the allosteric regulation of CLOCK-CRY1 binding in circadian rhythm.

Mammalian circadian clocks are driven by transcription/translation feedback loops composed of positive transcriptional activators (BMAL1 and CLOCK) and negative repressors (CRYPTOCHROMEs (CRYs) and PERIODs (PERs)). CRYs, in complex with PERs, bind to the BMAL1/CLOCK complex and repress E-box-driven transcription of clock-associated genes. There are two individual CRYs, with CRY1 exhibiting higher affinity to the BMAL1/CLOCK complex than CRY2.

In silico identification of widely used and well-tolerated drugs as potential SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors for direct use in clinical trials.

Despite strict measures taken by many countries, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to be an issue of global concern. Currently, there are no clinically proven pharmacotherapies for coronavirus disease 2019, despite promising initial results obtained from drugs such as azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. Therefore, the repurposing of clinically approved drugs for use against SARS-CoV-2 has become a viable strategy.

A CLOCK-binding small molecule disrupts the interaction between CLOCK and BMAL1 and enhances circadian rhythm amplitude.

Proper function of many physiological processes requires a robust circadian clock. Disruptions of the circadian clock can result in metabolic diseases, mood disorders, and accelerated aging. Therefore, identifying small molecules that specifically modulate regulatory core clock proteins may potentially enable better management of these disorders.

Identification and Characterization of a New Class of (6-4) Photolyase from .

Light is crucial for many biological activities of most organisms, including vision, resetting of circadian rhythm, photosynthesis, and DNA repair. The cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF) represents an ancient group of UV-A/blue light sensitive proteins that perform different functions such as DNA repair, circadian photoreception, and transcriptional regulation. The CPF is widely distributed throughout all organisms, including marine prokaryotes.

Coagulation measurement from whole blood using vibrating optical fiber in a disposable cartridge.

In clinics, blood coagulation time measurements are performed using mechanical measurements with blood plasma. Such measurements are challenging to do in a lab-on-a-chip (LoC) system using a small volume of whole blood. Existing LoC systems use indirect measurement principles employing optical or electrochemical methods.

Day-Time Isoflurane Administration Suppresses Circadian Gene Expressions in Both the Brain and a Peripheral Organ, Liver.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of light and administration time of isoflurane on circadian gene expression in the brains and liver tissues of rats kept in light-dark cycle.

Methods: Seventy two 15-days-old rats pups were divided into four groups. All animals were exposed to 1.

The Photolyase/Cryptochrome Family of Proteins as DNA Repair Enzymes and Transcriptional Repressors.

Light is a very important environmental factor that governs many cellular responses in organisms. As a consequence, organisms possess different kinds of light-sensing photoreceptors to regulate their physiological variables and adapt to a given habitat. The cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF) includes photoreceptors that perform different functions in different organisms.

RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptional response to blue and red light in the extremophilic red alga, Cyanidioschyzon merolae.

Light is one of the main environmental cues that affects the physiology and behavior of many organisms. The effect of light on genome-wide transcriptional regulation has been well-studied in green algae and plants, but not in red algae. Cyanidioschyzon merolae is used as a model red algae, and is suitable for studies on transcriptomics because of its compact genome with a relatively small number of genes.

Glu-370 in the large subunit influences the substrate binding, allosteric, and heat stability properties of potato ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key allosteric enzyme in plant starch biosynthesis. Plant AGPase is a heterotetrameric enzyme that consists of large (LS) and small subunits (SS), which are encoded by two different genes. In this study, we showed that the conversion of Glu to Gly at position 370 in the LS of AGPase alters the heterotetrameric stability along with the binding properties of substrate and effectors of the enzyme.

The epidemiological and molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from rectal swab samples of hospitalized patients in Turkey.

Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a serious problem all over the world. The present study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns, genotypes, clonal relationship, and virulence fac- tors of VRE species isolated from rectal swab samples of hospitalized patients, patient's relatives, and medical staff at Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School hospital.

Methods: The VRE isolates were typed with an automated VITEK system and their antibiotic sensibilities were analysed by disc diffusion and Etest® method.

Association between gene polymorphisms in TIM1, TSLP, IL18R1 and childhood asthma in Turkish population.

Unlabelled: Many immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms play a role in asthma etiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of asthma patients in the Turkish population with demonstrating genes for polymorphisms in TIM1, TSLP and IL18R1. All of the genomic DNA samples were isolated from blood samples according to a standard salting-out protocol.

Microcantilever based disposable viscosity sensor for serum and blood plasma measurements.

This paper proposes a novel method for measuring blood plasma and serum viscosity with a microcantilever-based MEMS sensor. MEMS cantilevers are made of electroplated nickel and actuated remotely with magnetic field using an electro-coil. Real-time monitoring of cantilever resonant frequency is performed remotely using diffraction gratings fabricated at the tip of the dynamic cantilevers.

SYBR green dye-based probe-free SNP genotyping: introduction of T-Plex real-time PCR assay.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is widely used in genetic association studies to characterize genetic factors underlying inherited traits. Despite many recent advances in high-throughput SNP genotyping, inexpensive and flexible methods with reasonable throughput levels are still needed. Real-time PCR methods for discovering and genotyping SNPs are becoming increasingly important in various fields of biology.

Transcriptional regulation of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase isoforms in the leaf and the stem under long and short photoperiod in lentil.

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key enzyme in plant starch biosynthesis. It contains large (LS) and small (SS) subunits encoded by two different genes. In this study, we explored the transcriptional regulation of both the LS and SS subunits of AGPase in stem and leaf under different photoperiods length in lentil.

[Linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium: the first G2576T mutation in Turkey].

Linezolid which is the first member of oxazolidinone class of synthetic antimicrobial agents, was licensed for the treatment of gram-positive coccal infections in Turkey in 2006. In recent years, multidrug-resistant pathogens, especially vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), have emerged rapidly worldwide and linezolid exhibited good clinical efficacy against VRE. However, linezolid-resistant bacteria have been reported from Turkey.

Development and validation of a cost-effective in-house method, tetra-primer ARMS PCR assay, in genotyping of seven clinically important point mutations.

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is currently considered as a particularly valuable tool for the diagnosis of different pathologies. For this reason, over the past several years a great deal of effort has been devoted to developing accurate, rapid, and cost-effective technologies for SNP analysis. Although a large number of distinct approaches has been reported each laboratory use one of the published methods based on their technical and economical capacity.

Identification of two amino acids in the C-terminal domain of mouse CRY2 essential for PER2 interaction.

Background: Cryptochromes (CRYs) are a class of flavoprotein blue-light signaling receptors found in plants and animals, and they control plant development and the entrainment of circadian rhythms. They also act as integral parts of the central circadian oscillator in humans and other animals. In mammals, the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer activates transcription of the Per and Cry genes as well as clock-regulated genes.

Rapid diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy using tetra-primer ARMS PCR assay: simultaneous detection of SMN1 and SMN2 deletion.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the leading genetic cause of death in childhood, is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, associated with deletions of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Approximately 94% of SMA patients carry homologous deletions of SMN1 exon(s) 7 (and 8). Because of the high incidence and severity of the disease, precise detection and quantification of SMN1 and SMN2 gene copy numbers is essential for diagnosis and genetic counseling.